The Mariner 5 spacecraft was the fifth in a series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in the flyby mode. Mariner 5 was a refurbished backup spacecraft for the Mariner 4 mission and was converted from a Mars mission to a Venus mission. The project objectives were to pass within 2000 km of Venus to provide data on the structure of the planet's atmosphere and its radiation and magnetic field environment. Mariner 5 was also designed to return data on the interplanetary environment before and after planetary encounter.
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